By Melvin Terry


Oakland is a diverse vibrant community with a goldilocks climate and an assortment of parks and trails with opportunities for exercise, socializing, and stunning visuals. It also has the benefits and drawbacks that come with a large city. 


But did you know about the history of Black migration to Oakland in the 1940’s and the rich culture that flourished in West Oakland back then?


7th Street, now the home of West Oakland BART and the sprawling main post office, was the hub of the community. There were many Black owned businesses and music venues. It was bustling and the place to be. 

The arrival of the railroad porters employed by the Pullman Palace Car Company as early as 1867, was the catalyst that transformed the area into a true community. The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Union became the first African American- led union to sign a contract with a large American company. 

The union's West Coast headquarters were established at Fifth and Wood Streets in West Oakland.


C.L. Dellums, the uncle of Ron Dellums was an early leader of the union. A statue of him stands at the Oakland Jack London Square Amtrak station.


The Pullman Porters, exclusively Black until the 1960’s, working on the railroad traveled around the country bringing hopes of job opportunities to the Black communities. They also brought news, specifically, The Chicago Defender, the nation's most influential black weekly newspaper. It was banned in many places in the south and had to be smuggled in at some great risk. Their efforts helped fuel the Great Migration of Blacks to the North and West.  By having steady work, albeit low pay and long hours, Pullman porters helped form the foundation for the black middle class and became instrumental in the civil rights movement.

During World War II many African Americans moved to Oakland because of the job opportunities. The Black population grew from 3 % in 1940 to 15% by 1950; the vast majority living in West Oakland. Doctors, lawyers, and other professionals joined high skilled blue-collar workers to make up the city’s black middle class.


The heart and soul of 7th Street were the music venues, jazz and blues clubs; there were 15 clubs along 7th Street in the 40’s. A new style of music was developed called West Coast Blues influenced by the music the southerners brought along with them. Can you imagine walking down 7th Street while the night is filled with all sorts of vibrations: jazz, bebop, swing, and the blues. You could take your pick and while the night away dancing and listening, with your favorite cocktail.


Unfortunately, as the war ended, the availability of jobs diminished, and West Oakland gradually declined. It was still going into the 50’s when urban renewal and BART development put the final nail in the coffin. You can still find many beautiful Victorian homes in West Oakland, but many were destroyed for the Cypress freeway and aforementioned projects which further divided the community.

To learn more about the history of African Americans in Oakland, The African American Museum and Library at Oakland, Address: 659 14th St. is definitely worth a visit.


The AAMLO is located at the Charles S. Greene building which previously was the Carnegie library. The building served as the Oakland Main Library from 1902 to 1951. 


In addition, follow this link to learn more about African American music history: https://oaklandlibrary.org/blogs/post/african-americans-music-history/

By Oakland GMC February 24, 2026
Voices from our Chorus Andre Sean Gary-Mack on Feeling at Home in Harmony By June Kamerling
By Oakland GMC January 27, 2026
Holding the Light, Together Finding strength, joy, and connection as we prepare for spring By Ryan Justus, Baritone
By Oakland GMC November 28, 2025
Voices from our Chorus Meet Joseph, Jonathan, and Ryan: The Three Choreographers By June Kamerling
By Oakland GMC October 22, 2025
In Concert LGBTQ+ History Month By Ryan Justus
By Oakland GMC September 25, 2025
In Harmony Honoring Hispanic Heritage Month Through Music, Memory, and Community By Ryan Justus
By Oakland GMC July 7, 2025
Voices from our Chorus David Guerra on Sewing Costumes, Singing Truths, and Finding Family  By June Kamerling
April 25, 2025
Voices from our Chorus Fred Rogers Reflects on His OaklandGMC Journey By June Kamerling
December 13, 2024
Conducting Change: A Chat with Bruce Southard, D.M.A.
More Posts